Study of ancient predators sheds light on how humans did - or didn't - find food

A new Rice University-led analysis of the remains of ancient predators reveals new information about how prehistoric humans did -- or didn't -- find their food.

Examples of the carcass consumption capabilities of Xenosmilus. Complete defleshing and frequent
 contact with bone resulting in bone breakage and deletion has been documented on scapulae (A),
 humeri (B), tibiae (C), ribs (D), femora (F), innominates (G), ulnae (E, H), and vertebrae (I),
with a many of the latter completely fragmented. In contrast, radii appear less affected (E), as in
 carcasses consumed by modern lions (Fig. 2). A complete skeleton of Xenosmilus hodsonae is shown
in the center, resulting from the combination of the fairly complete holotype skeleton and the paratype
 skeleton found together at Haile 21A (J). This mounted skeleton is currently displayed at the Florida
 Museum of Natural History (Gainesville) [Credit: Manuel Dominguez-Rodrigo et al, 2022]

For more than three decades, archaeologists thought that one potential source of meat -- crucial for the development of the early human brain -- was the flesh abandoned from sabertooth cat kills. Until very recently, researchers thought that prehistoric humans stripped flesh from abandoned animal carcasses to consume, but these ancient remains suggest that was not the case. The new research, conducted on fossil remains from 1.5 million years ago, reveals that sabertooth cats fully devoured the flesh of their prey and even consumed some bones.

These iconic predators, named for their enormous upper canines, roamed the landscapes of Africa, Eurasia and the Americas from the Miocene to the late Pleistocene. Manuel Dominguez-Rodrigo, a visiting professor of anthropology at Rice and the study's first author, was able to determine together with his colleagues the eating habits of these prehistoric cats based on their skeletons and those of their prey.

The finding is important, Dominguez-Rodrigo said, because it means that early humans relied on different ways of finding sources of protein. It provides more support to the idea that early humans were already successful hunters.

Dominguez-Rodrigo said the research helps further this area of study as it eliminates a source of this important type of food for ancient humans. However, he said, there are still a lot of unanswered questions about how prehistoric humans hunted and gathered food, and these topics will be the focus of future work.

The research was published in the Nature Scientific Reports.

Author: Amy McCaig | Source: Rice University [May 03, 2022]

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